1. Woe to the pride of Ephraim (1-13)

Samaria was known for its fertility, and called a wreath or flower. Ephraim symbolizes the northern kingdom. Trusting in material abundance, they were pleasure seeking drunkards. In contrast, those who put their trust in the LORD Almighty would have a spirit of justice and source of strength. The priests and prophets were drunk, and mocked Isaiah's words, thinking they knew better. They would be taught by foreign lips - the harsh judgment of Assyria.

2. Woe to the rulers in Jerusalem (14-29)

Judah's leaders mocked and boasted about pacts made with false gods, thinking to avoid the scourge of judgment. Their lies and falsehood would be swept away. The stone in Zion is God's holy Word, revealed by Isaiah. The one who trusts and obeys God's word need not panic, but will be like a fruitful farmer, yielding a crop in season. Living by the word of God gives direction and comfort (23, 29).