1. A song of love (1-2a)

God is the gardener. His lovely vineyard could be Adam and Eve, the house of Israel or all humankind. God had done all he wanted till no more could have been done: He found a fertile hillside, dug it up, cleared it, planted the choicest vines, built a watchtower and cut out a winepress. We are God's new Vineyard, the new Israel. God had done amazing things for us to bear good fruits: The forgiveness of sins through the cross of Jesus, eternal life by his resurrection, his commission to be a kingdom of priests and a holy nation with his world mission command.

2. He looked for a crop (2b-7)

The good fruits God wanted for Israel was justice and righteousness. But he saw bloodshed and heard cries of distress. They failed to be a holy nation and a kingdom of priests for the entire world. Now what should be done? Here are some lists: God will take away its hedge, break down its wall, make it a wasteland and command the clouds not to rain.